It’s being marketed within the media like bitter beer, and posters promoting it grasp in virtually each ready room: the flu shot. But how effectively does it defend? The “Vaccine Whispers” program has reviewed the research—with devastating outcomes.
Listen to the podcast episode of “Impfgeflüster” right here or learn the visitor article beneath:
The confusion begins with the terminology. The media and politicians throw across the time period “flu” with out hesitation, with out making any distinctions. Yet it’s unattainable to find out the alleged causative pathogen primarily based on signs alone. The medical displays of precise influenza and quite a lot of flu-like respiratory diseases are just about equivalent.
Particularly controversial: No one is aware of the precise numbers of circumstances and deaths attributable to influenza. Regular surveillance methods can’t reliably distinguish between precise flu and flu-like diseases. Routine autopsies to find out the reason for demise? None. Instead, exaggerated estimates and extrapolations dominate – the premise for extremely inflated statistics and defective calculations. In Austria, the calculation of flu deaths is just primarily based on subtracting summer time deaths from winter deaths. Despite this desert of figures, the flu vaccination is marketed virtually nonstop.
Vaccinated towards the flu – and instantly sick?
To allay affected person fears that the flu vaccine causes acute respiratory sickness, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded a three-year research, printed within the journal Vaccine, to check the danger of sickness after influenza vaccination with that of unvaccinated people. The research, which included wholesome volunteers, discovered a 65% elevated danger of acute respiratory sickness not attributable to influenza inside 14 days of influenza vaccination. The authors state: “Patients’ experiences of sickness after vaccination will be corroborated by these findings.” The mostly discovered alleged non-influenza pathogens have been rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and coronaviruses.
Although flu vaccines goal just a few strains of influenza viruses, over 200 completely different alleged viruses trigger diseases with the very same signs because the flu— fever, headache, aches, cough, and runny nostril. Over 85% of acute respiratory diseases are usually not influenza.
Studies fail to show effectiveness
Studies present that the flu vaccine doesn’t cut back hospital demand.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded a research to measure the affect of seasonal flu vaccination on hospital admissions amongst older folks. The research analyzed 170 million medical care circumstances and concluded that, quote: “There isn’t any proof that vaccination decreased hospital admissions.”
Furthermore, a 2018 Cochrane evaluation evaluating 52 medical trials on the effectiveness of influenza vaccines discovered no important distinction in hospital admissions between vaccinated and unvaccinated adults. Instead, the reviewers discovered “low-certainty proof that hospitalization charges and work absence could also be comparable between vaccinated and unvaccinated adults.”
There is a protracted custom of analyzing household households to research the incidence and transmission of respiratory diseases of all severity. For this purpose, the CDC funded a research of 1,441 contributors, each vaccinated and unvaccinated, in 328 households. The research evaluated the power of influenza vaccines to forestall community-acquired influenza (family index circumstances) and influenza that occurred in people with confirmed publicity to influenza within the family (secondary circumstances). Transmission dangers have been recognized and characterised.
In abstract, the authors state: “There was no proof that vaccination prevented transmission throughout the family as soon as influenza had occurred.” The flu vaccine doesn’t forestall influenza in about 65% of circumstances.
Studies have additionally proven that influenza vaccines have low efficacy in people vaccinated in two consecutive years. A evaluation of 17 influenza vaccine research printed within the Expert Review of Vaccines states: “The results of repeated annual vaccination on particular person long-term safety, inhabitants immunity, and viral evolution stay largely unknown.”
Before the widespread use of the flu vaccine in youngsters, between 2000 and 2003, the chance of dying from the flu for youngsters ages 18 and youthful was about 1 in 1.26 million, or 0.00008%. In a 2004 report, the CDC said, “Deaths from influenza are uncommon amongst youngsters with and with out danger elements.”
The National Vaccine Program Office, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), funded a research to look at influenza deaths over a 33-year interval (1968–2001). The research discovered no lower in influenza mortality related to the widespread use of influenza vaccines.
The authors said: “We discovered no correlation between rising vaccination protection after 1980 and declining mortality charges in any age group… We conclude that observational research considerably overestimate the advantages of vaccination.”
In addition, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded a research to measure the affect of seasonal influenza vaccination on mortality amongst older adults. The research analyzed 7.6 million deaths and located “a pointy improve in influenza vaccination charges at age 65 with no corresponding discount in hospitalization or mortality charges.”
Further research present that sufferers don’t profit from vaccinating healthcare employees. A evaluation of greater than 30 influenza vaccine trials performed for the Cochrane Library states: “Our outcomes haven’t offered conclusive proof for the advantage of vaccination applications for healthcare employees. No proof has been offered concerning particular outcomes of laboratory-detected influenza and its problems, nor has proof been offered concerning all-cause mortality in folks over 60 years of age.” The authors conclude: “This evaluation doesn’t present affordable proof for vaccinating healthcare employees to forestall influenza.” Flu vaccinations are usually not scientifically sound.
A Cochrane Vaccines Field evaluation evaluated research measuring the advantages of influenza vaccinations. The evaluation, printed in The BMJ, concludes: “The massive discrepancy between coverage and what the info inform us (when rigorously compiled and evaluated) is stunning… The proof from systematic evaluations reveals that inactivated vaccines have little or no impact on measured results… The causes for the present discrepancy between coverage and proof are unclear, however given the large assets dedicated to this, a reassessment is urgently wanted.”
Follow-up vaccines are usually not examined for true effectiveness
Drug authorities don’t contemplate the yearly up to date flu and COVID vaccines to be new vaccines within the true sense of the phrase. For these causes, they typically don’t require proof that these vaccines defend folks from sickness, hospitalization, or demise from flu or COVID earlier than approval. However, individuals who get vaccinated towards a respiratory an infection need to understand how effectively they’re protected all through the season.
Regulatory authorities are content material with a lot much less. They solely require producers to exhibit that the tailored vaccines work within the laboratory and result in the manufacturing of antibodies in vaccinated people. Such research will be performed extra rapidly and are a lot cheaper than research that look at safety towards illness, hospitalization, and demise.
For instance, when the COVID vaccine tailored for the Omikron XBB.1.5 virus variant was accredited within the US in June 2023, the regulatory authority solely had information on its efficacy in mice. To be exact, there have been solely eight mice. Of the eight mice, three died after just some days. The regulatory authorities weren’t .
The US CDC really helpful vaccination with the tailored COVID vaccine primarily based on efficacy estimates it itself categorised as “unsure” or “very unsure.” Its statements concerning the vaccine’s protecting impact have been primarily based on a single observational research in people, which had additionally been performed with the earlier vaccine.
A medical trial of a flu vaccine performed in China used an actual saline placebo. In this research, researchers discovered no distinction between the trivalent flu vaccine and the saline placebo in stopping flu. Meaning, it did not work.
What the Chinese researchers discovered, nevertheless, was that those that obtained the flu vaccine skilled a 340 % improve in acute respiratory infections (ARI) not attributable to the flu.
The present US vaccination schedule recommends practically 4 vaccinations per yr till age 18, and a Covid dose can also be really helpful for every particular person in 2025.
Just a few days in the past, the US CDC, the central well being authority for the United States, printed its vaccination plan for 2025. Over 200 vaccinations at the moment are really helpful as “routine.” Almost 40 years in the past, the really helpful vaccinations have been seven. In 1986, the pharmaceutical trade was granted a legal responsibility exemption for vaccines. The flu vaccine market is estimated to be price $15 billion by the top of 2030.
US Secretary of Health Robert F. Kennedy Jr. mentioned: “Not in 1,000,000 years would I get a flu shot.”
Links Special 3 – Flu vaccination (as of January and February 2025)
- https://marcellapiperterry.substack.com/p/how-does-the-flu-shot-make-you-sick?triedRedirect=true
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3404712/?fbclid=IwAR2oCXD-i22nz7tED_Ohy35AeVqsCGFuQUEezVNL_7gUu49qYTYcFF2DQSU
- https://transition-news.org/robert-f-kennedy-jr-in-einer-million-jahren-wurde-ich-mich-nicht-gegen-grippe
Infosperber from July 27, 2021: “Flu research: Hospital employees didn’t infect sufferers” - https://tkp.at/2024/11/07/rechtliche-immunitaetfuer-impfstoffe-vor-aufhebung/
https://www.congress.gov/bill/99th-congress/house-bill/5546
HR5546 – National Childhood Vaccine Injury Prevention Act of 1986, 99th Congress (1985–1986) - https://report24.news/impf-studie-enthuellt-beunruhigende-verbindung-zu-gefaehrlicher-nervenkrankheit/?feed_id=42655
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-74729-2
Published: 19 October 2024
Global burden of vaccine-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome in 170 international locations from 1967 to 2023 - https://tkp.at/2024/10/23/kinder-im-visier-grippe-impfkampagne-mit-nasenspray/
- https://physiciansforinformedconsent.org/flu-vaccine/
- https://tkp.at/2024/12/02/us-impfplan-fuer-naechstes-jahr-200-routineimpfungen/
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/downloads/adult/adult-combined-schedule.pdf
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/hcp/vaccination-guidelines/index.html
- https://www.infosperber.ch/gesundheit/grippe-und-covid-impfung-wirksamkeitsbeweis-gefordert/
- https://community.cochrane.org/news/why-have-three-long-running-cochrane-reviews-influenza-vaccines-been-stabilised
- https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005187.pub5/full/de
- https://www.infosperber.ch/gesundheit/covid-impfung-hohe-wirksamkeit-war-nie-reproduzierbar/
- https://report24.news/die-grosse-grippe-taeuschung-was-uns-verschwiegen-wird/?feed_id=42634
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24483149
Dierig A, Heron LG, Lambert SB, Yin JK, Leask J, Chow MY, Sloots TP, Nissen MD, Ridda I, Booy R. Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in youngsters enrolled in a research of influenza vaccine effectiveness. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014 May;8(3):293-301. Epub 2014 Jan 31. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115556
Rikin S, Jia H, Vargas CY, Castellanos de Belliard Y, Reed C, LaRussa P, Larson EL, Saiman L, Stockwell MS. Assessment of temporally associated acute respiratory sickness following influenza vaccination. Vaccine. 2018 Apr 5;36(15):1958-64. - https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Selecting viruses for the seasonal influenza vaccine; [cited 2020 Aug 17]. - https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub5/epdf/full
Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Al-Ansary LA, Ferroni E, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C. Vaccines for stopping influenza in wholesome adults. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 13;(3):CD001269. - https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub4/full
Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Bawazeer GA, Al-Ansary LA, Ferroni E. Vaccines for stopping influenza in wholesome adults. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2010 Jul 7;(7):CD001269. - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32120383
Anderson ML, Dobkin C, Gorry D. The impact of influenza vaccination for the aged on hospitalization and mortality: an observational research with a regression discontinuity design. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Apr 7;172(7):445-52. - https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub6/full
Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Ferroni E, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C. Vaccines for stopping influenza in wholesome adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 1;2(2):CD001269. - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22525386
Joshi AY, Iyer VN, Hartz MF, Patel AM, Li JT. Effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in influenza-related hospitalization in youngsters: a case-control research. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012 Mar-Apr;33(2):e23-7. - https://physiciansforinformedconsent.org/immunocompromised-schoolchildren/rgis
Ohmit SE, Petrie JG, Malosh RE, Cowling BJ, Thompson MG, Shay DK, Monto AS. Influenza vaccine effectiveness locally and the family.Clin Infect Dis. 2013 May;56(10):1363.
Physicians for Informed Consent. Newport Beach (CA): Physicians for Informed Consent. Vaccines: what about immunocompromised schoolchildren? Dec 2019. - https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/effectiveness-studies.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness research; [cited 2020 Apr 17]. - https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. How the flu virus can change: ‘drift’ and ‘shift’; [cited 2020 Aug 17]. - https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/effectivenessqa.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. How flu vaccine effectiveness and efficacy are measured; [cited 2020 May 14]. - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28562111
Belongia EA, Skowronski DM, McLean HQ, Chambers C, Sundaram ME, De Serres G. Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness: evaluation of proof. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Jul;16(7):723,733. - https://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC marvel: about underlying reason behind demise, 1999-2018; [cited 2020 May 2]. - https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5306a1.htm
question for demise from influenza, 2000-2003. Between 2000 and 2003, there have been 61 annual deaths from influenza out of 77 million youngsters age 18 and youthful, about 1 demise in 1.26 million.
Harper SA, Fukuda Ok, Uyeki TM, Cox NJ, Bridges CB; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Prevention and management of influenza: suggestions of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004 May 28;53(RR-6):1-40. - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710788
Simonsen L, Reichert TA, Viboud C, Blackwelder WC, Taylor RJ, Miller MA. Impact of influenza vaccination on seasonal mortality within the US aged inhabitants. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Feb 14;165(3):265-72. - https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005187.pub5/full
Thomas RE, Jefferson T, Lasserson TJ. Influenza vaccination for healthcare employees who look after folks aged 60 or older residing in long-term care establishments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 2;(6):CD005187. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1626345
Jefferson T. Influenza vaccination: coverage versus proof. BMJ. 2006 Oct 28;333(7574):912-5 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm0271
Archer, MI (1987). The post-viral : A evaluation. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 37(298), 212–214.
Arevalo , CP , Bolton , MJ , Le Sage , V , Ye , N , Furey , C , Muramatsu , H , Alameh , M-G , Pardi , N , Drapeau , EM , Parkhouse , Ok , Garretson , T , Morris , JS , Moncla , LH , Tam , YK , Fan , SHY , Lakdawala , SS , Weissman , D , & . Hensley, SE (2022). A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine towards all identified influenza virus subtypes. Science (New York, NY), 378(6622), 899–904. - https://www.arznei-telegramm.de/html/2008_10/0810101_01.html
Arznei-Telegramm. (2008). Is the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination overestimated? arznei-telegramm.de. - https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.14286
Barosa, M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Prasad, V. (2024). Evidence base for yearly respiratory virus vaccines: Current standing and proposed improved methods. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 54(10), e14286. - https://doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2020.398
Barranco, D., & Chahine, E. B. (2020). Adjuvanted inactivated influenza Vaccine Quadrivalent for Older People. The Senior Care Pharmacist, 35(9), 398–402. - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07727-2
Belizaire, M. R. D., N’gattia, A. Ok., Wassonguema, B., Simaleko, M. M., Nakoune, E., Rafaï, C., Lô, B., & Bolumar, F. (2022). Circulation and seasonality of influenza viruses in several transmission zones in Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 820. - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00432-0
Beresniak, A., Napoli, C., Oxford, J., Daruich, A., Niddam, L., Duru, G., Tozzi, A. E., Atti, M. C. D., Dupont, D., Rizzo, C., & Bremond-Gignac, D. (2023). The FLURESP European fee mission: Cost-effectiveness evaluation of ten public well being measures towards influenza in Italy: is there an curiosity in COVID-19 pandemic? Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation: C/E, 21(1), 30. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459363
Boktor, SW, & Hafner, JW (2023). Influenza. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. - https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.16.23288205
Brown, M., Gerrard, J., McKinlay, L., Marquess, J., Sparrow, T., & Andrews, R. (2023). Ongoing signs and practical impairment 12 weeks after testing optimistic to SARS-CoV-2 or influenza in Australia: An observational cohort research (S. 2023.04.16.23288205). medRxiv. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=2613962
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2023, July 1). Afluria Tetra Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=2612711
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024a, April 1). Influsplit Tetra 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=2613624
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024b, May 1). Vaxigrip Tetra 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=2613953
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024c, June 1). Elflueda Tetra 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=2613725
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024d, June 1). Influvac Tetra 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=2613624
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024e, June 1). Xanaflu Tetra 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=7016858
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024f, July 1). Influvac 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://portal.dimdi.de/amguifree/am/searchresult.xhtml?accessid=amis_off_am_ppv&directdisplay=true&gripsQuery=STATUS=CURRENT+AND+ENR=7016859
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. (2024g, July 1). Xanaflu 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. DIMDI. - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375156-0.00039-4
Burrell, C. J., Howard, C. R., & Murphy, F. A. (2017). Chapter 39—Viral Syndromes. In C. J. Burrell, C. R. Howard, & F. A. Murphy (Hrsg.), Fenner and White’s Medical Virology (Fifth Edition) (S. 537–556). Academic Press. - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08541-0
Carregaro, R. L., Roscani, A. N. C. P., Raimundo, A. C. S., Ferreira, L., Vanni, T., da Graça Salomão, M., Probst, L. F., & Viscondi, J. Y. Ok. (2023). Immunogenicity and security of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in contrast with the trivalent vaccine for influenza an infection: An overview of systematic evaluations. BMC Infectious Diseases, 23(1), 563. - https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/flu.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, September 18). Influenza. Pinkbook. - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.711997
Chen, J., Wang, J., Zhang, J., & Ly, H. (2021). Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 711997. - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01810-6
Choutka, J., Jansari, V., Hornig, M., & Iwasaki, A. (2022). Unexplained post-acute an infection syndromes. Nature Medicine, 28(5), Article 5. - https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad303
Cohen , LE , Hansen , CL , Andrew , MK , McNeil , SA , Vanhems , P. , Kyncl , J. , Ten Sunday , J. , Zhang , T. , Dbaibo , G. , Lagoon-Towers , VA , Draganescu , A. , Baumeister , E. , Gomez , 2005 . D. , Raboni , SM , Giamberardino , HIG , Nunes , MC , Burtseva , E. , Sominina , A. , Medić , S. , … Chaves , SS (2023). Predictors of severity of influenza-related hospitalizations: Results from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN). The Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiad303. - https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12504
Coleman, B. L., Fadel, S. A., Fitzpatrick, T., & Thomas, S.-M. (2018). Risk elements for severe outcomes related to influenza sickness in high- versus low- and middle-income international locations: Systematic literature evaluation and meta-analysis. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 12(1), 22–29. - https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000508
Collins, M. L., Cheney, G. A., Yehl, J. L., Sullivan, G. A., Stewart, J. T., & Catalano, G. (2021). Postviral Depression. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 27(2), 126–130. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.034
Cross, J. W., Joy, M., McGee, C., Akinyemi, O., Gatenby, P., & de Lusignan, S. (2020). Adverse occasions of curiosity range by influenza vaccine kind and model: Sentinel community research of eight seasons (2010–2018). Vaccine, 38(22), 3869–3880. - https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071477
da Costa, J. C., Siqueira, M. M., Brown, D., Lopes, J. O., da Costa, B. C., Gama, E. L., & Aguiar-Oliveira, M. de L. (2022). Vaccine Mismatches, Viral Circulation, and Clinical Severity Patterns of Influenza B Victoria and Yamagata Infections in Brazil over the Decade 2010–2020: A Statistical and Phylogeny–Trait Analyses. Viruses, 14(7), 1477. - https://ourworldindata.org/influenza-deaths
Dattani, S., & Spooner, F. (2022, Oktober 20). How many individuals die from the flu? Our World in Data. - https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub6
Demicheli, V., Jefferson, T., Ferroni, E., Rivetti, A., & Pietrantonj, C. D. (2018). Vaccines for stopping influenza in wholesome adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. - https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004876.pub4
Demicheli, V., Jefferson, T., Pietrantonj, C. D., Ferroni, E., Thorning, S., Thomas, R. E., & Rivetti, A. (2018). Vaccines for stopping influenza within the aged. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. - https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/149739/Influenza-B-Yamagata-seit-COVID-19-verschwunden-WHO-modifiziert-vierte-komponente-des-Impfungs
Deutsches Ärzteblatt. (2024, April 3). Influenza B/Yamagata has disappeared since COVID-19: WHO modifies the fourth element of the vaccine. aerzteblatt.de. - https://dgk.de/fachleute/dgk-fachnewsletter/grippe-impfstoffe-trivalent-tetravalent-adjuvantiert.html
German Green Cross (2017, December). Flu vaccines: Trivalent, tetravalent, adjuvanted? German Green Cross for Health (December 2017). - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03214-1
Dharmapalan, D. (2020). Influenza. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(10), 828–832. - https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.061435
Dodds, L., McNeil, S. A., Fell, D. B., Allen, V. M., Coombs, A., Scott, J., & MacDonald, N. (2007). Impact of influenza publicity on charges of hospital admissions and doctor visits due to respiratory sickness amongst pregnant ladies. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176(4), 463–468. - https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2331073
Domnich, A., Orsi, A., Signori, A., Chironna, M., Manini, I., Napoli, C., Rizzo, C., Panatto, D., & Icardi, G. (2024). Waning intra-season vaccine effectiveness towards influenza A(H3N2) underlines the necessity for extra sturdy safety. Expert Review of Vaccines, 23(1), 380–388. - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092034
Donzelli, A. (2018). Influenza Vaccinations for All Pregnant Women? Better Evidence Is Needed. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9), 2034. - https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1086047
Dos Santos, G., Neumeier, E., & Bekkat-Berkani, R. (2015). Influenza: Can we cope higher with the unpredictable? Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 12(3), 699–708. - https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002406
Eun, B. W., Lee, T. J., Lee, J., Kim, Ok. H., Kim, D. H., Jo, D. S., Shin, S. H., Kim, H., Kim, Ok.-H., & Kim, Y.-Ok. (2019). A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Phase III Trial of a Cell Culture-derived Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Healthy South Korean Children and Adolescents 6 Months to 18 Years of Age. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 38(9), e209–e215. - https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/facts/factsheet
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2017, Juni 14). Factsheet about seasonal influenza. Ecdc. - https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Systematic-review-update-enhanced-seasonal%20flu-vaccines.pdf
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2024, April). Systematic evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness and security of newer and enhanced seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in people aged 18 years and over. Ecdc.Europa.Eu. - https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/supemtek
European Medicines Agency. (2020, November 25). Supemtek | European Medicines Agency (EMA). Ema.Europa.Eu. - https://www.ema.europa.eu/de/documents/product-information/fluenz-epar-product-information_de.pdf
European Medicines Agency. (2024a, July 22). Fluenz 2024/2025 Summary of Product Characteristics. Ema.Europa.Eu. - https://www.ema.europa.eu/de/documents/product-information/flucelvax-tetra-epar-product-information_de.pdf
European Medicines Agency. (2024b, Juli 31). Flucelvax Tetra 2024/2025. Ema.Europa.Eu. - https://www.ema.europa.eu/de/documents/product-information/fluad-tetra-epar-product-information_de.pdf
European Medicines Agency. (2024c, August 1). Fluad Tetra 2024/2025 Fachinformation. Ema.Europa.Eu. - https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.29.2300056
Fischer, N., Moreels, S., Dauby, N., Reynders, M., Petit, E., Gérard, M., Lacor, P., Daeleman, S., Lis, B., Lis, Hosons, Hosons. Magerman, Ok., Jouck, D., Bourgeois, M., Delaere, B., Quoilin, S., Gucht, SV, Thomas, I., Bossuyt, N., & Barbezange, C. (2023). Influenza versus different respiratory viruses – assessing severity amongst hospitalized youngsters, Belgium, 2011 to 2020. Eurosurveillance, 28(29), 2300056. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.08.004
Fischer, W. A., Gong, M., Bhagwanjee, S., & Sevransky, J. (2014). Global burden of Influenza: Contributions from Resource Limited and Low-Income Settings. Global coronary heart, 9(3), 325–336. - https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000712
Gavigan, P., & McCullers, J. A. (2019). Influenza: Annual seasonal severity. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 31(1), 112–118. - https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801010
Gounder, A. P., & Boon, A. C. M. (2019). Influenza Pathogenesis: The function of host elements on severity of illness. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 202(2), 341–350. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.059
Guo, J., Chen, X., Guo, Y., Liu, M., Li, P., Tao, Y., Liu, Z., Yang, Z., Zhan, S., & Sun, F. (2024). Real-world effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and age as impact modifier: A scientific evaluation, meta-analysis and meta-regression of test-negative design research. Vaccine, 42(8), 1883–1891. - https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_856_19
Hadakshi, R. Ok., Patel, D. M., Patel, M. V., Patel, M. M., Patel, P. J., Patel, M. V., Yadav, Ok. S., Mahadeviya, H. J., Gajjar, R. A., Patel, P. N., & Patel, H. D. (2020). Association between socioeconomic standing and influenza-like sickness: A research from Western a part of India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(9), 4587–4591. - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.563850
Hartshorn, Ok. L. (2020). Innate Immunity and Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis: Lessons for COVID-19. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10, 563850. - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22241
Hause, A. M., Zhang, B., Yue, X., Marquez, P., Myers, T. R., Parker, C., Gee, J., Su, J., Shimabukuro, T. T., & Shay, D. Ok. (2022). Reactogenicity of Simultaneous COVID-19 mRNA Booster and Influenza Vaccination within the US. JAMA Network Open, 5(7), e2222241. - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70034-7
Hayward, A. C., Fragaszy, E. B., Bermingham, A., Wang, L., Copas, A., Edmunds, W. J., Ferguson, N., Goonetilleke, N., Harvey, G., Kovar, J., Lim, M. S. C., McMichael, A., Millett, E. R. C., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., Nazareth, I., Pebody, R., Tabassum, F., Watson, J. M., Wurie, F. B., … Zambon, M. (2014). Comparative group burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza: Results of the Flu Watch cohort research. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine, 2(6), 445–454. - https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu664
Heikkinen, T., Ikonen, N., & Ziegler, T. (2014). Impact of influenza B lineage-level mismatch between trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines and circulating viruses, 1999-2012. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 59(11), 1519–1524. - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10082134
Hirschenberger, M., Hunszinger, V., & Sparrer, Ok. M. J. (2021). Implications of Innate Immunity in Post-Acute Sequelae of Non-Persistent Viral Infections. Cells, 10(8), 2134. - https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/naechster-covid-19-impfstoff-mit-drei-vorteilen-146432/
Hohmann-Jeddi, C. (2024, March 26). Moderna research: Next Covid-19 vaccine with three benefits. Pharmaceutical Newspaper. - https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6
Jefferson, T., Dooley, L., Ferroni, E., Al-Ansary, L. A., Driel, M. L. van, Bawazeer, G. A., Jones, M. A., Hoffmann, T. C., Clark, J., Beller, E. M., Glasziou, P. P., & Conly, J. M. (2023). Physical interventions to interrupt or cut back the unfold of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1. - https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub5
Jefferson, T., Rivetti, A., Pietrantonj, C. D., & Demicheli, V. (2018). Vaccines for stopping influenza in wholesome youngsters. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220910
Jeong, S., Jang, E. J., Jo, J., & Jang, S. (2019). Effects of maternal influenza vaccination on adversarial start outcomes: A scientific evaluation and Bayesian meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 14(8), e0220910. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537197/
Kalarikkal, SM, & Jaishankar, GB (2023). Influenza Vaccine. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. - https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac664
Kim, P., Coleman, B., Kwong, J. C., Plevneshi, A., Hassan, Ok., Green, Ok., McNeil, S. A., Armstrong, I., Gold, W. L., Gubbay, J., Katz, Ok., Kuster, S. P., Lovinsky, R., Matukas, L., Ostrowska, Ok., Richardson, D., & McGeer, A. (2023). Burden of Severe Illness Associated With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Adults Aged 50-64 Years, 2010-2011 to 2016-2017. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 10(1), ofac664. - https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.16.30201
Kissling, E., Nunes, B., Robertson, C., Valenciano, M., Reuss, A., Larrauri, A., Cohen, J. M., Oroszi, B., Rizzo, C., Machado, A., Pitigoi, D., Domegan, L., Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I., Buchholz, U., Gherasim, A., Daviaud, I., Horváth, J. Ok., Bella, A., Lupulescu, E., O Donnell, J., … I-MOVE case–management research crew (2016). I-MOVE multicentre case-control research 2010/11 to 2014/15: Is there within-season waning of influenza kind/subtype vaccine effectiveness with rising time since vaccination?. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable illness bulletin, 21(16), 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.16.30201. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-016-2232-x
Kumar, V. (2017). Influenza in Children. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 84(2), 139–143. - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq7006
Kumar, S. , Zoodsma, M. , Nguyen, N. , Pedroso, R. , Trittel, S. , Riese, P. , Botey-Bataller, J. , Zhou, L. , Alaswad, A. , Arshad, H. , Netea, MG, Xu, C.-J. Pessler , F. , Guzman , CA , Graca , L. , & Li , Y. (2024). Systemic dysregulation and molecular insights into poor influenza vaccine response within the getting older inhabitants. Science Advances, 10(39), eadq7006. - https://doi.org/10.1086/520101
Leekha, S., Zitterkopf, N. L., Espy, M. J., Smith, T. F., Thompson, R. L., & Sampathkumar, P. (2007). Duration of influenza A virus shedding in hospitalized sufferers and implications for an infection management. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 28(9), 1071–1076. - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00535-6
Leung, N. H. L. (2021). Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses. Nature Reviews. Microbiology, 19(8), 528–545. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2020.08.004
Liu, R., Sheng, Z., Huang, C., Wang, D., & Li, F. (2020). Influenza D Virus. Current opinion in virology, 44, 154–161. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.040
Liu, R., Fan, Y., Patel, A., Liu, H., Du, X., Liu, B., & Di Tanna, G. L. (2024). The affiliation between influenza vaccination, cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization: residing systematic evaluation and potential meta-analysis. Vaccine, 42(5), 1034–1041. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100029
Lusignan, S. de, Tsang, R. S. M., Amirthalingam, G., Akinyemi, O., Sherlock, J., Tripathy, M., Deeks, A., Ferreira, F., Howsam, G., Hobbs, F. D. R., & Joy, M. (2021). Adverse occasions of curiosity following influenza vaccination, a comparability of cell culture-based with egg-based alternate options: English sentinel community annual report paper 2019/20. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 2. - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1445
Mahase, E. (2023). Flu deaths in UK hit 5 yr excessive final winter. BMJ, 381, p1445. - https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy370
Maier, H. E., Lopez, R., Sanchez, N., Ng, S., Gresh, L., Ojeda, S., Burger-Calderon, R., Kuan, G., Harris, E., Balmaseda, A., & Gordon, A. (2018). Obesity Increases the Duration of Influenza A Virus Shedding in Adults. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 218(9), 1378–1382. - https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.42.30378
Mertz, D., Fadel, S. A., Lam, P.-P., Tran, D., Srigley, J. A., Asner, S. A., Science, M., Kuster, S. P., Nemeth, J., Johnstone, J., Ortiz, J. R., & Loeb, M. (2016). Herd impact from influenza vaccination in non-healthcare settings: A scientific evaluation of randomised managed trials and observational research. Eurosurveillance, 21(42), 30378. - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2314801
Moghadami, M. (2017). A Narrative Review of Influenza: A Seasonal and Pandemic Disease. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 42(1), 2–13.
Monto, A. S., Zambon, M., & Weir, J. P. (2024). The End of B/Yamagata Influenza Transmission—Transitioning from Quadrivalent Vaccines. The New England Journal of Medicine. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_22
Neumann, G., Fan, S., & Kawaoka, Y. (2018). Selection of Antigenically Advanced Variants of Influenza Viruses. Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.), 1836, 461–486. - https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2329
O Murchu, E., Comber, L., Jordan, Ok., Hawkshaw, S., Marshall, L., O’Neill, M., Ryan, M., Teljeur, C., Carnahan, A., Pérez, J. J., Robertson, A. H., Johansen, Ok., Jonge, J. de, Krause, T., Nicolay, N., Nohynek, H., Pavlopoulou, I., Pebody, R., Penttinen, P., … Harrington, P. (2023a). Systematic evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness and security of MF59® adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in people ≥18 years of age. Reviews in Medical Virology, 33(3), e2329. - https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2331
O Murchu, E., Comber, L., Jordan, Ok., Hawkshaw, S., Marshall, L., O’Neill, M., Ryan, M., Teljeur, C., Carnahan, A., Pérez, J. J., Robertson, A. H., Johansen, Ok., Jonge, J. de, Krause, T., Nicolay, N., Nohynek, H., Pavlopoulou, I., Pebody, R., Penttinen, P., … Harrington, P. (2023b). Systematic evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness and security of recombinant haemagglutinin seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in people ≥18 years of age. Reviews in Medical Virology, 33(3), e2331. - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X
Osterholm, M. T., Kelley, N. S., Sommer, A., & Belongia, E. A. (2012). Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: A scientific evaluation and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 12(1), 36–44. - https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-death-rates-by-cause
Our World in Data. (2019). Child mortality charge by trigger. Ourworldindata.Org. - https://www.pei.de/DE/arzneimittel/impfstoffe/influenza-grippe/influenza-node.html
Patrozou, E., & Mermel, LA (2009). Does influenza transmission happen from asymptomatic an infection or previous to symptom onset? Public Health Reports, 124(2), 193–196.
Paul Ehrlich Institute. (2023, July 13). Seasonal influenza vaccines. Medicines – Vaccines. - https://www.pei.de/EN/newsroom/hp-news/2023/230926-influenza-season-2023-2024-vaccine-doses-released.html#
Paul-Ehrlich-Institut. (2023, September 26). Influenza Season 2023/2024—20.2 Million Doses of Flu Vaccine Already Released. PEI Newsroom. - https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2016.1227701
Principi, N., & Esposito, S. (2016). Severe influenza in youngsters: Incidence and danger elements. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 14(10), 961–968. - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4621-z
Puzelli, S., Di Martino, A., Facchini, M., Fabiani, C., Calzoletti, L., Di Mario, G., Palmieri, A., Affanni, P., Camilloni, B., Chironna, M., D’Agaro, P., Giannecchini, S., Pariani, E., Serra, C., Rizzo, C., Bella, A., Donatelli, I., Castrucci, M. R., & Italian Influenza Laboratory Network. (2019). Co-circulation of the 2 influenza B lineages throughout 13 consecutive influenza surveillance seasons in Italy, 2004-2017. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19(1), 990. - https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1226353/umfrage/inzidenz-von-influenza-in-deutschland/
Radtke, R. (2024a). Incidence of reported circumstances of influenza (“flu”) in Germany from 2001 to 2024. Statista. - https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/807491/umfrage/grippewelle-faelle-von-influenza-nach-art-der-viren/
Radtke, R. (2024b). Weekly variety of influenza circumstances in Germany by virus kind within the 2021 to 2023 flu seasons. Statista. - https://www.rki.de/SharedDocs/FAQ/Pandemieplanung/FAQ_Liste_Pandemieplanung.html?nn=12643086
Robert Koch Institute. (2016, December 5). Answers to regularly requested questions on pandemic planning. Preparedness and Response. - https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/NRZ/EM/Aufnahmen/EM_Tab_Influenza.html
Robert Koch Institute. (2017, January 18). Influenza virus. EM photos. - https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Merkblaetter/Ratgeber_Influenza_saisonal.html
Robert Koch Institute. (2018, January 19). Influenza (Part 1): Illnesses attributable to seasonal influenza viruses. RKI Guide. - https://influenza.rki.de/Saisonberichte/2018.pdf
Robert Koch Institute (2019). Report on the epidemiology of influenza in Germany, season 2018/19. Influenza Working Group. - https://influenza.rki.de/Wochenberichte/2021_2022/2022-39.pdf
Robert Koch Institute (2022, October). RKI Weekly Report – Week 39 (September 26 to October 2, 2022). Current info on acute respiratory ailments. - https://www.rki.de/SharedDocs/FAQ/Impfen/Influenza/FAQ_Uebersicht.html
Robert Koch Institute. (2023a, September 18). Answers to regularly requested questions on influenza vaccination. Infectious Diseases AZ. - https://www.rki.de/SharedDocs/FAQ/Influenza/FAQ_Liste.html
Robert Koch Institute. (2023b, September 18). Frequently requested questions and solutions in regards to the flu. Infectious ailments AZ. - https://influenza.rki.de/Wochenberichte/2022_2023/2023-38.pdf
Robert Koch Institute (2023c, October). RKI Weekly Report – Week 38 (September 18 to September 24, 2023). Current info on acute respiratory ailments. - https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/Impfen/Forschungsprojekte/OKaPII/Ergebnisbericht_2024.html
Robert Koch Institute. (2024a, August 22). 2024 Results Report: OKaPII – Online Survey of Hospital Staff on Influenza Vaccination. Research Projects. - https://www.rki.de/SharedDocs/FAQ/Impfen/Influenza/FAQ_Uebersicht.html
Robert Koch Institute. (2024b, September 16). Answers to regularly requested questions on influenza vaccination. Infectious Diseases AZ. - https://influenza.rki.de/Wochenberichte/2023_2024/2024-15.pdf
Robert Koch Institute (2024c, April). RKI’s ARE weekly report. Current info on acute respiratory ailments, calendar week 15 (April 8 to April 14, 2024). - https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01529-x
Rößler, S., Ankert, J., Baier, M., Pletz, M. W., & Hagel, S. (2021). Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality throughout the 2017/2018 influenza season: A retrospective multicentre cohort research in central Germany. Infection, 49(1), 149–152. - https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000638
Sarda, C., Palma, P., & Rello, J. (2019). Severe influenza: Overview in critically ailing sufferers. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 25(5), 449–457. - https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12470
Sellers, S. A., Hagan, R. S., Hayden, F. G., & Fischer, W. A. (2017). The hidden burden of influenza: A evaluation of the extra-pulmonary problems of influenza an infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 11(5), 372–393. - https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1343226
Smetana, J., Chlibek, R., Shaw, J., Splino, M., & Prymula, R. (2017). Influenza vaccination within the aged. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(3), 540–549. - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-233
Streng, A., Grote, V., & Liese, J. G. (2011). Severe influenza circumstances in paediatric intensive care models in Germany throughout the pre-pandemic seasons 2005 to 2008. BMC Infectious Diseases, 11, 233. - https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3310
Sukumaran , L. , McCarthy , NL , Kharbanda , EO , Vazquez-Benitez , G. , Lipkind , HS , Jackson , L. , Klein , NP , Naleway , AL , McClure , DL , Hechter , NP , Naleway , AL , McClure , DL , Hechter , Hechter , Kachter , J.R.C. Weintraub, ES (2018). Infant Hospitalizations and Mortality After Maternal Vaccination. Pediatrics, 141(3), e20173310. - https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005187.pub4
Thomas, R. E., Jefferson, T., & Lasserson, T. J. (2013). Influenza vaccination for healthcare employees who look after folks aged 60 or older residing in lengthy‐time period care establishments. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7. - https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-153
Tricco, A. C., Chit, A., Soobiah, C., Hallett, D., Meier, G., Chen, M. H., Tashkandi, M., Bauch, C. T., & Loeb, M. (2013). Comparing influenza vaccine efficacy towards mismatched and matched strains: A scientific evaluation and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine, 11, 153. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.066
Uemura, Ok., Ono, S., Michihata, N., Yamana, H., & Yasunaga, H. (2023). Duration of influenza vaccine effectiveness within the aged in Japan: A retrospective cohort research utilizing large-scale population-based registry information. Vaccine, 41(19), 3092–3098. - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004902
Vijaykrishna, D., Mukerji, R., & Smith, G. J. D. (2015). RNA Virus Reassortment: An Evolutionary Mechanism for Host Jumps and Immune Evasion. PLoS Pathogens, 11(7), e1004902. - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4151
Walsh, L. Ok., Donelle, J., Dodds, L., Hawken, S., Wilson, Ok., Benchimol, E. I., Chakraborty, P., Guttmann, A., Kwong, J. C., MacDonald, N. E., Ortiz, J. R., Sprague, A. E., Top, Ok. A., Walker, M. C., Wen, S. W., & Fell, D. B. (2019). Health outcomes of younger youngsters born to moms who obtained 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination throughout being pregnant: Retrospective cohort research. BMJ, 366, l4151. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.092
Wilkinson, Ok., Wei, Y., Szwajcer, A., Rabbani, R., Zarychanski, R., Abou-Setta, A. M., & Mahmud, S. M. (2017). Efficacy and security of high-dose influenza vaccine in aged adults: A scientific evaluation and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 35(21), 2775–2780. - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066182
Wolfe, D. M., Fell, D., Garritty, C., Hamel, C., Butler, C., Hersi, M., Ahmadzai, N., Rice, D. B., Esmaeilisaraji, L., Michaud, A., Soobiah, C., Ghassemi, M., Khan, P. A., Sinilaite, A., Skidmore, B., Tricco, A. C., Moher, D., & Hutton, B. (2023). Safety of influenza vaccination throughout being pregnant: A scientific evaluation. BMJ Open,13(9), e066182. - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)
World Health Organization. (2023, Januar 12). Influenza (Seasonal). Fact Sheets. - https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/recommended-composition-of-influenza-virus-vaccines-for-use-in-the-2024-2025-northern-hemisphere-influenza-season
World Health Organization. (2024, Februar 23). Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines to be used within the 2024-2025 northern hemisphere influenza season. Who.Int. - https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12969
Zanobini, P., Bonaccorsi, G., Lorini, C., Haag, M., McGovern, I., Paget, J., & Caini, S. (2022). Global patterns of seasonal influenza exercise, length of exercise and virus (sub)kind circulation from 2010 to 2020. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 16(4), 696–706.